An automated algorithm for determining respiratory rate by photoplethysmogram in children
- 1 September 2006
- journal article
- research article
- Published by Wiley in Acta Paediatrica
- Vol. 95 (9), 1124-1128
- https://doi.org/10.1080/08035250600612280
Abstract
Background: We have developed an automated algorithm to allow the measurement of respiratory rate directly from the photoplethysmogram (pulse oximeter waveform). Aim: To test the algorithm's ability to determine respiratory rate in children. Methods: A convenience sample of patients attending a paediatric Accident and Emergency Department was monitored using a purpose‐built pulse oximeter and the photoplethysmogram (PPG) recorded. Respiration was also recorded by an observer activating a push‐button switch in synchronization with the child's breathing. The switch marker signals were processed to derive a manual respiratory rate that was compared with the wavelet‐based oximeter respiratory rate derived from the PPG signal. Results: Photoplethysmograms were obtained from 18 children aged 18 mo to 12 y, breathing spontaneously at rates of 17 to 27 breaths per minute. There was close correspondence between the wavelet‐based oximeter respiration rate and the manual respiratory rate, with the difference between them being less than one breath per minute in all children. Conclusion: Our automated algorithm allows the accurate determination of respiratory rate from photoplethysmograms of a heterogeneous group of children. We believe that our automated wavelet‐based signal‐processing techniques could soon be easily incorporated into current pulse oximetry technology.Keywords
This publication has 10 references indexed in Scilit:
- Estimation of breathing interval from the photoplethysmographic signals in childrenPhysiological Measurement, 2005
- Respiration can be monitored by photoplethysmography with high sensitivity and specificity regardless of anaesthesia and ventilatory modeActa Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, 2005
- An Algorithm for the Detection of Individual Breaths from the Pulse Oximeter WaveformJournal of Clinical Monitoring and Computing, 2004
- SECONDARY TRANSFORM DECOUPLING OF SHIFTED NONSTATIONARY SIGNAL MODULATION COMPONENTS: APPLICATION TO PHOTOPLETHYSMOGRAPHYInternational Journal of Wavelets, Multiresolution and Information Processing, 2004
- Standard pulse oximeters can be used to monitor respiratory rateEmergency Medicine Journal, 2003
- Critical review of non-invasive respiratory monitoring in medical careMedical & Biological Engineering & Computing, 2003
- LOW-OSCILLATION COMPLEX WAVELETSJournal of Sound and Vibration, 2002
- The Illustrated Wavelet Transform HandbookPublished by Informa UK Limited ,2002
- Monitoring of Heart and Respiratory Rates in Newborn Infants Using a New Photoplethysmographic TechniqueJournal of Clinical Monitoring and Computing, 1999
- Monitoring of respiratory and heart rates using a fibre-optic sensorMedical & Biological Engineering & Computing, 1992