Implicit and Explicit Memory in Patients With Parkinson's Disease With and Without Dementia
- 1 April 1994
- journal article
- research article
- Published by American Medical Association (AMA) in Archives of Neurology
- Vol. 51 (4), 359-367
- https://doi.org/10.1001/archneur.1994.00540160053008
Abstract
Objective: To study explicit and implicit memory processes in patients with Parkinson's disease. Design: Case-control design. All subjects were given a neuropsychological test battery, and the test scores were compared among the groups. Setting: Government-funded research facility. All subjects were examined as outpatients. Patients: We tested nondemented (n=13) and demented (n=5) patients with Parkinson's disease and normal controls (n=12) matched for age, gender, and educational level. Main Outcome Measures: Memory for verbal and pictorial stimuli under both explicit and implicit retrieval conditions. Results: Both nondemented and demented patients with Parkinson's disease exhibited impairment on tests of explicit memory. Their impairment could be graded based on the level of effort required by the task: impaired free recall in nondemented patients and impaired free recall, cued recall, and recognition in demented patients. By contrast, neither group showed evidence of impairment on automatic (modality monitoring and word frequency estimation) or implicit (word and picture fragment identification) memory tasks. Correlation analyses did not support any association between the effortful memory deficits and neurologic variables, mood, or performance on executive function tests. Conclusions: Memory deficits in patients with Parkinson's disease primarily involve the conscious, effortful strategic aspects of searching long-term memory.Keywords
This publication has 15 references indexed in Scilit:
- The human cerebro-cerebellar system: its computing, cognitive, and language skillsBehavioural Brain Research, 1991
- Selective deficits in cognition and memory in high-functioning parkinsonian patients.Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, 1990
- Memory for frequency in rats: Role of the hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortexBehavioral and Neural Biology, 1990
- Procedural memory in Parkinson's disease: Impaired motor but not visuoperceptual learningJournal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 1990
- MOTOR LEARNING IN PATIENTS WITH CEREBELLAR DYSFUNCTIONBrain, 1990
- Why are Amnesic Judgements of Recency and Frequency Made in a Qualitatively Different Way from those of Normal People?Cortex, 1989
- Estimation of frequency of occurrence of abstract designs after frontal or temporal lobectomyNeuropsychologia, 1988
- Fragmenting pictures on the apple macintosh computer for experimental and clinical applicationsBehavior Research Methods, Instruments & Computers, 1987
- FRONTAL LOBE DYSFUNCTION IN PARKINSON'S DISEASEBrain, 1986
- ParkinsonismNeurology, 1967