Androgen-Independent Prostate Cancer Is a Heterogeneous Group of Diseases
Top Cited Papers
Open Access
- 15 December 2004
- journal article
- Published by American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) in Cancer Research
- Vol. 64 (24), 9209-9216
- https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.can-04-2442
Abstract
Understanding the biology of prostate cancer metastasis has been limited by the lack of tissue for study. We studied the clinical data, distribution of prostate cancer involvement, morphology, immunophenotypes, and gene expression from 30 rapid autopsies of men who died of hormone-refractory prostate cancer. A tissue microarray was constructed and quantitatively evaluated for expression of prostate-specific antigen, androgen receptor, chromogranin, synaptophysin, MIB-1, and α-methylacylCoA-racemase markers. Hierarchical clustering of 16 rapid autopsy tumor samples was performed to evaluate the cDNA expression pattern associated with the morphology. Comparisons were made between patients as well as within the same patient. Metastatic hormone-refractory prostate cancer has a heterogeneous morphology, immunophenotype, and genotype, demonstrating that “metastatic disease” is a group of diseases even within the same patient. An appreciation of this heterogeneity is critical to evaluating diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers as well as to designing therapeutic targets for advanced disease.Keywords
This publication has 34 references indexed in Scilit:
- Molecular determinants of resistance to antiandrogen therapyNature Medicine, 2003
- Cancer Statistics, 2003CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, 2003
- A molecular signature of metastasis in primary solid tumorsNature Genetics, 2002
- The polycomb group protein EZH2 is involved in progression of prostate cancerNature, 2002
- Neuroendocrine Expression in Node Positive Prostate Cancer: Correlation With Systemic Progression and Patient SurvivalJournal of Urology, 2002
- Assessment of HER-2/neu Status in Breast CancerAmerican Journal of Clinical Pathology, 2001
- Delineation of prognostic biomarkers in prostate cancerNature, 2001
- Tissue microarrays for high-throughput molecular profiling of tumor specimensNature Medicine, 1998
- TTF-1 gene expression in human lung tumoursEuropean Journal Of Cancer, 1996
- Prostate Carcinoma: An Autopsy Evaluation of the Influence of Age, Tumor Grade, and Therapy on Tumor BiologySouthern Medical Journal, 1990