OBJECTIVE: To examine the influence of sex on whole body and regional subcutaneous, visceral, total adipose tissue (AT), skeletal muscle (SM), and lean tissue in response to weight loss induced by diet alone (DO) or the combination of diet and aerobic (DA) or resistance exercise (DR). DESIGN: Sixty upper‐body obese men and women were randomly assigned to one of three treatments: DO, DA, or DR. All tissues were measured using a whole body, magnetic resonance imaging protocol. RESULTS: Within each group reductions were observed for body weight (~11 kg), subcutaneous and visceral AT (P0.1). Independent of sex, the reduction in visceral AT was greater than subcutaneous AT (PP0.05). Independent of sex, skeletal muscle mass was preserved within the exercise groups (P>0.05) but not diet alone (P2 (l/min) improved in the DA groups as did muscular strength in the DR groups (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that in response to diet or diet and exercise‐induced weight loss, reductions in total adiposity, subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue distribution are not different in obese men and women. Independent of sex, the combination of diet and exercise results in a preservation of skeletal muscle mass, a preferential reduction of abdominal subcutaneous AT, and improved functional capacity by comparison to diet alone.