Sodium-based batteries: from critical materials to battery systems
- 15 March 2019
- journal article
- review article
- Published by Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) in Journal of Materials Chemistry A
- Vol. 7 (16), 9406-9431
- https://doi.org/10.1039/c8ta11999f
Abstract
Sodium-based energy storage systems are attracting tremendous attention along with the growing demand for electric vehicles and grid-scale energy storage. Sharing similar intercalation chemistry to their lithium counterpart, sodium-ion based systems show promising potential for large-scale application due to the benefit of the low cost and natural abundance of sodium sources. However, despite the rapid progress, sodium-based energy storage systems still face enormous challenges such as slow kinetics and unstable cyclability, which continue to attract intense research efforts. In this review, we briefly summarize the recent progress in the material design for sodium-ion batteries, including both inorganic and organic materials. Then, we systematically summarize the current strategies for building post-sodium batteries, typically Na–O2, Na–S, Na–Se, and Na–CO2, with a focus on the key components of different devices, including the electrode materials, electrolytes, and cell structure. Particularly, we discuss in detail the reaction path between Na and S (Se) to facilitate the understanding of the electrochemical mechanism of sodium-ion based systems. Furthermore, to highlight the recent progress, we discuss the design and optimization of Na–O2 (CO2) batteries through an evaluation of the electrolytes and cathode configuration with suitable gas channels, which are critical factors to determine the reaction mechanism. Finally, the current challenges and future perspectives of sodium-based energy systems are also presented.Keywords
Funding Information
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (51302079)
- Welch Foundation (F-1254)
- Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province (2017JJ1008)
This publication has 237 references indexed in Scilit:
- One-Dimensional Carbon–Sulfur Composite Fibers for Na–S Rechargeable Batteries Operating at Room TemperatureNano Letters, 2013
- An enhanced electrochemical performance of a sodium–air battery with graphene nanosheets as air electrode catalystsChemical Communications, 2013
- Activated and nitrogen-doped exfoliated graphene as air electrodes for metal–air battery applicationsJournal of Materials Chemistry A, 2012
- A rechargeable room-temperature sodium superoxide (NaO2) batteryNature Materials, 2012
- Sodium Terephthalate as an Organic Anode Material for Sodium Ion BatteriesAdvanced Materials, 2012
- Sodium‐Ion BatteriesAdvanced Functional Materials, 2012
- A New Class of Lithium and Sodium Rechargeable Batteries Based on Selenium and Selenium–Sulfur as a Positive ElectrodeJournal of the American Chemical Society, 2012
- Electrochemical properties of room temperature sodium–air batteries with non-aqueous electrolyteElectrochemistry Communications, 2011
- Synthesis of Poly(4-methacryloyloxy-TEMPO) via Group-Transfer Polymerization and Its Evaluation in Organic Radical BatteryChemistry of Materials, 2007
- Electrochemical intercalation of sodium in graphiteSolid State Ionics, 1988