Sucking habits and their influence on swallowing pattern and prevalence of malocclusion

Abstract

Summary. The relationship between sucking habits, swallowing patterns and the prevalence of different malocclusion symptoms was analyzed in 725 Danish children. The swallowing pattern was classified as normal, simple tongue-thrust or complex tongue-thrust swallow. The malocclusion frequency was registered on the basis of a method described by Bjork, Krebs and Solow and information on previous and persisting habits was obtained through questionnaires to the children's parents. The findings indicated that previous sucking habits had a significant influence on the type of swallow. Finger- or thumbsucking and dummysucking all resulted in an increased tendency to tongue-thrust swallow and teeth-apart swallow. Tongue-thrust swallow was highly related to an increase in the frequency of distal occlusion, extreme maxillary overjet and open bite. However, the relationship between sucking habits and the development of malocclusion cannot be explained entirely by the influence on the swallowing pattern, since children with sucking habits also exhibited increased frequency of malocclusion, independent of swallowing pattern.