Exosomes and Exosomal miRNA in Respiratory Diseases
Open Access
- 25 September 2016
- journal article
- review article
- Published by Hindawi Limited in Mediators of Inflammation
- Vol. 2016, 1-11
- https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/5628404
Abstract
Exosomes are nanosized vesicles released from every cell in the body including those in the respiratory tract and lungs. They are found in most body fluids and contain a number of different biomolecules including proteins, lipids, and both mRNA and noncoding RNAs. Since they can release their contents, particularly miRNAs, to both neighboring and distal cells, they are considered important in cell-cell communication. Recent evidence has shown their possible importance in the pathogenesis of several pulmonary diseases. The differential expression of exosomes and of exosomal miRNAs in disease has driven their promise as biomarkers of disease enabling noninvasive clinical diagnosis in addition to their use as therapeutic tools. In this review, we summarize recent advances in this area as applicable to pulmonary diseases. Exosomes are nanosized vesicles released from every cell in the body including those in the respiratory tract and lungs. They are found in most body fluids and contain a number of different biomolecules including proteins, lipids, and both mRNA and noncoding RNAs. Since they can release their contents, particularly miRNAs, to both neighboring and distal cells, they are considered important in cell-cell communication. Recent evidence has shown their possible importance in the pathogenesis of several pulmonary diseases. The differential expression of exosomes and of exosomal miRNAs in disease has driven their promise as biomarkers of disease enabling noninvasive clinical diagnosis in addition to their use as therapeutic tools. In this review, we summarize recent advances in this area as applicable to pulmonary diseases.Funding Information
- Wellcome Trust (093080/Z/10/Z)
This publication has 123 references indexed in Scilit:
- The role of uPAR in epithelial-mesenchymal transition in small airway epithelium of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseRespiratory Research, 2013
- Exosomes in the pathogenesis, diagnostics and therapeutics of liver diseasesJournal of Hepatology, 2013
- MicroRNAs in Stress Signaling and Human DiseaseCell, 2012
- Unidirectional transfer of microRNA-loaded exosomes from T cells to antigen-presenting cellsNature Communications, 2011
- Proteomic analysis identifies highly antigenic proteins in exosomes from M. tuberculosis‐infected and culture filtrate protein‐treated macrophagesProteomics, 2010
- Altered miRNA expression in sputum for diagnosis of non-small cell lung cancerLung Cancer, 2009
- Glioblastoma microvesicles transport RNA and proteins that promote tumour growth and provide diagnostic biomarkersNature, 2008
- RETRACTED: MicroRNA signatures of tumor-derived exosomes as diagnostic biomarkers of ovarian cancerGynecologic Oncology, 2008
- Exosome-mediated transfer of mRNAs and microRNAs is a novel mechanism of genetic exchange between cellsNature, 2007
- Combinatorial microRNA target predictionsNature Genetics, 2005