Protein Quality Control in Chloroplasts: A Current Model of D1 Protein Degradation in the Photosystem II Repair Cycle
- 18 May 2009
- journal article
- review article
- Published by Oxford University Press (OUP) in The Journal of Biochemistry
- Vol. 146 (4), 463-469
- https://doi.org/10.1093/jb/mvp073
Abstract
The chloroplast originated from endosymbiosis of photosynthetic bacteria. Thus, mechanisms essential for chloroplast biogenesis/homeostasis (protein synthesis, import from cytosol, assembly, and degradation) are predominantly governed by prokaryotic systems. Among these, the quality control system is crucial, because light energy constantly damages photosynthetic proteins and excessive light often limits plant growth by irreversibly inactivating the photosynthetic apparatuses. Here, we overview prokaryotic proteases (FtsH and Deg) which are two enzymes that play critical roles in this system. We particularly focus on Photosystem II (PSII) in thylakoid membranes, which is composed of more than 20 subunits. Among the subunits is one of the intrinsic reaction centre proteins (D1) which is considered to be the target of photodamage. Its rapid and specific turnover suggests that photodamaged D1 is degraded by these proteases and replaced with a de novo synthesized one in a system which is termed the PSII repair cycle. We discuss a current model of D1 degradation which is executed by a concerted action of particular FtsH and Deg isoforms.Keywords
This publication has 51 references indexed in Scilit:
- The Exposed N-Terminal Tail of the D1 Subunit Is Required for Rapid D1 Degradation during Photosystem II Repair inSynechocystissp PCC 6803THE PLANT CELL ONLINE, 2007
- Formation of DEG5 and DEG8 Complexes and Their Involvement in the Degradation of Photodamaged Photosystem II Reaction Center D1 Protein in ArabidopsisTHE PLANT CELL ONLINE, 2007
- The Thylakoid Lumen Protease Deg1 Is Involved in the Repair of Photosystem II from Photoinhibition in ArabidopsisTHE PLANT CELL ONLINE, 2007
- Photodamaged D1 protein is degraded in Arabidopsis mutants lacking the Deg2 proteaseFEBS Letters, 2006
- Functional Redundancy of AtFtsH Metalloproteases in Thylakoid Membrane ComplexesPlant Physiology, 2005
- The family of Deg proteases in cyanobacteria and chloroplasts of higher plantsPhysiologia Plantarum, 2005
- Evidence that D1 Processing Is Required for Manganese Binding and Extrinsic Protein Assembly into Photosystem IIOnline Journal of Public Health Informatics, 2004
- Endosymbiotic gene transfer: organelle genomes forge eukaryotic chromosomesNature Reviews Genetics, 2004
- FtsH Is Involved in the Early Stages of Repair of Photosystem II inSynechocystissp PCC 6803 [W]THE PLANT CELL ONLINE, 2003
- Amino Acid Residues That Are Critical for in VivoCatalytic Activity of CtpA, the Carboxyl-terminal Processing Protease for the D1 Protein of Photosystem IIOnline Journal of Public Health Informatics, 2001