Common mechanisms and holistic care in atherosclerosis and osteoporosis
Open Access
- 9 January 2019
- journal article
- review article
- Published by Springer Science and Business Media LLC in Arthritis Research & Therapy
- Vol. 21 (1), 15
- https://doi.org/10.1186/s13075-018-1805-7
Abstract
Cardiovascular (CV) disease and osteoporosis (OP) have become increasing challenges in the aging population and even more in patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, spondyloarthropathies, and systemic lupus erythematosus. In this review, we discuss how the epidemiology and pathogenesis of CV events and OP are overlapping. Smoking, diabetes mellitus, physical inactivity as conventional risk factors as well as systemic inflammation are among the modifiable risk factors for both CV events and bone loss. In rheumatic patients, systemic high-grade inflammation may be the primary driver of accelerated atherogenesis and bone resorption. In the general population, in which some individuals might have low-grade systemic inflammation, a holistic approach to drug treatment and lifestyle modifications may have beneficial effects on the bone as well as the vasculature. In rheumatic patients with accelerated inflammatory atherosclerosis and bone loss, the rapid and effective suppression of inflammation in a treat-to-target regime, aiming at clinical remission, is necessary to effectively control comorbidities.Funding Information
- European Union (TAMOP-4.2.4.A/2-11/1-2012-0001, GINOP-2.3.2-15-2016-00015, GINOP-2.3.2-15-2016-00050)
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