Self-Limiting Lithiation in Silicon Nanowires
- 28 December 2012
- journal article
- Published by American Chemical Society (ACS) in ACS Nano
- Vol. 7 (2), 1495-1503
- https://doi.org/10.1021/nn305282d
Abstract
The rates of charging and discharging in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are critically controlled by the kinetics of Li insertion and extraction in solid-state electrodes. Silicon is being intensively studied as a high-capacity anode material for LIBs. However, the kinetics of Li reaction and diffusion in Si remain unclear. Here we report a combined experimental and theoretical study of the lithiation kinetics in individual Si nanowires. By using in situ transmission electron microscopy, we measure the rate of growth of a surface layer of amorphous LixSi in crystalline Si nanowires during the first lithiation. The results show the self-limiting lithiation, which is attributed to the retardation effect of the lithiation-induced stress. Our work provides a direct measurement of the nanoscale growth kinetics in lithiated Si, and has implications on nanostructures for achieving the high capacity and high rate in the development of high performance LIBs.Keywords
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