Familial multilocular cystic disease of the jaws, the title of this paper, is a provisional name, given to describe an unusual condition occurring in three children, members of the same family, of the Hebrew race, aged six, five, and four years (Fig. 1). It is characterized by marked fullness of the cheeks and jaws and a slight upward turning of the eyes, revealing white lines of sclera beneath. There is also noticeable swelling of the submaxillary regions. The full round cheeks and the upward cast of the eyes give the children a peculiarly grotesque, cherubic appearance. As a matter of fact, they are active, intelligent children, showing a child's normal interest and curiosity as to their surroundings.