Increasing socio-economic inequality in type 2 diabetes prevalence--Repeated cross-sectional surveys in England 1994-2006
Open Access
- 1 August 2010
- journal article
- research article
- Published by Oxford University Press (OUP) in European Journal of Public Health
- Vol. 21 (4), 484-490
- https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckq106
Abstract
Background: This study aimed to evaluate the association of rising type 2 diabetes prevalence with socio-economic inequality in diabetes. Methods: Data from the Health Survey for England were analysed for 1994, 1998, 2003 and 2006. This is a nationally representative annual survey of private households. Data for 41 643 individuals aged ≥35 years were included. The prevalence of self-reported diabetes diagnosed by a doctor was analysed in relation to household income, occupational social class and educational qualifications. Data were standardized for age using the European Standard Population for reference. Results: Prevalence of diagnosed diabetes increased in men from 3.74% in 1994 to 7.25% in 2006, and in women from 2.28% to 4.88%. In 1994, there were no associations between social class or educational level and diabetes prevalence evident. In 2006, there was evidence of a negative association in women [prevalence ratio for social class (IV + V vs. I) = 4.54, P-value for trend = 0.005; prevalence ratio for educational level (‘none’ vs. ‘A-levels’) = 1.96, P-value for trend = 0.001]. The Slope Index of Inequality (SII) for social class in women increased from –1.65 in 1994 to –4.95 [95% Confidence Interval (95% CI –8.52 to –1.38)] in 2006 and for level of education from –1.39 to –6.48 (95% CI –9.03 to –3.93). In men, diabetes prevalence was not associated with social class or level of education. Conclusion: Increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes has been associated with an increase of socio-economic inequality in women. There was no socio-economic gradient observed in men.Keywords
This publication has 30 references indexed in Scilit:
- Life-Course Socioeconomic Position and Incidence of Diabetes Mellitus Among Blacks and Whites: The Alameda County Study, 1965–1999American Journal of Public Health, 2010
- Moving to an A1C-Based Diagnosis of Diabetes Has a Different Impact on Prevalence in Different Ethnic GroupsDiabetes Care, 2009
- Differential Trends in Weight-Related Health Behaviors Among American Young Adults by Gender, Race/Ethnicity, and Socioeconomic Status: 1984–2006American Journal of Public Health, 2009
- International Expert Committee Report on the Role of the A1C Assay in the Diagnosis of DiabetesDiabetes Care, 2009
- Life‐course socio‐economic position, area deprivation and Type 2 diabetes: findings from the British Women's Heart and Health StudyDiabetic Medicine, 2008
- Self-reported diabetes is associated with self-management behaviour: a cohort studyBMC Health Services Research, 2008
- Validity of diabetes self-reports in the Women's Health Initiative: comparison with medication inventories and fasting glucose measurementsClinical Trials, 2008
- Socioeconomic Inequalities in Health in 22 European CountriesThe New England Journal of Medicine, 2008
- Transcending the Known in Public Health PracticeAmerican Journal of Public Health, 2008
- Education, income, occupational status and health risk behaviourJournal of Public Health, 2007