Evaluation of Salicornia herbacea as a Potential Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Agent
- 1 June 2009
- journal article
- research article
- Published by Mary Ann Liebert Inc in Journal of Medicinal Food
- Vol. 12 (3), 661-668
- https://doi.org/10.1089/jmf.2008.1072
Abstract
In this study, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Salicornia herbacea were evaluated. The crude CH2Cl2/methanol extract of S. herbacea showed 52% and 86% scavenging activities of the authentic ONOO− and ONOO− from 3-morpholinosydnomimine (SIN-1) at a concentration of 50 μg/mL, respectively, and was subjected to a further fractionation with n-hexane, 85% aqueous methanol, n-butanol, and water. Additional purification of the n-butanol fraction revealed that the most potent scavenging activity led to the isolation of isorhamnetin 3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside as the active principle. The structure of isorhamnetin 3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside was elucidated by extensive two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance experiments such as 1H correlation spectroscopy nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy, heteronuclear single quantum correlation, and heteronuclear multiple-bond correlation as well as by comparison with the published spectral data. Isorhamnetin 3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside exhibited dose-dependent scavenging activities of the authentic ONOO− and ONOO− from SIN-1. The electron spin resonance spin-trap techniques confirmed that reactive oxygen species, including the hydroxyl, superoxide, carbon-centered, and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radicals, were actively quenched by addition of isorhamnetin 3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside. In addition, isorhamnetin 3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside suppressed the lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide production and the expression of cytokines such as inducible nitric oxide synthase, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-1β in Raw 264.7 cells. Findings from this study should underscore the nutraceutical value of S. herbacea-derived isorhamnetin 3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside as a potent antioxidative and anti-inflammatory agent via alleviation of radical-induced toxicities and pro-inflammatory responses.Keywords
This publication has 32 references indexed in Scilit:
- Free radicals, mitochondria, and hypoxia–ischemia in the developing brainFree Radical Biology & Medicine, 2006
- Fluorescence probes used for detection of reactive oxygen speciesJournal of Biochemical and Biophysical Methods, 2005
- Pindolol is a potent scavenger of reactive nitrogen speciesLife Sciences, 2005
- Free radicals, antioxidants, and nutritionNutrition, 2002
- The structure–activity relationship of flavonoids as scavengers of peroxynitritePhytotherapy Research, 2002
- Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and cellular and organismal decline: amelioration with melatoninMechanisms of Ageing and Development, 2002
- Flavonoids as peroxynitrite scavengers: the role of the hydroxyl groupsToxicology in Vitro, 2001
- Biological aspects of reactive nitrogen speciesBiochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Bioenergetics, 1999
- Scavenging of peroxynitrite by a phenolic/peroxidase system prevents oxidative damage to DNA1FEBS Letters, 1998
- Macrophages and Inflammatory Mediators in Tissue InjuryAnnual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 1995