Environmental Triggers of Type 1 Diabetes
- 23 May 2012
- journal article
- review article
- Published by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory in Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine
- Vol. 2 (7), a007690
- https://doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a007690
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is perceived as a progressive immune-mediated disease, the clinical diagnosis of which is preceded by an asymptomatic preclinical period of highly variable duration. It has long been postulated that the disease process leading to overt T1D is triggered by an infectious agent, the strongest candidate being a diabetogenic enterovirus. The initiation and progression of the disorder likely requires, in addition to genetic T1D susceptibility, a trigger, an exogenous antigen capable of driving the development of this disease. This may be a dietary antigen similar to gluten in celiac disease. Recent data further suggests that the initiation of autoimmunity is preceded by inflammation reflected by a proinflammatory metabolic serum profile. The cause of the inflammation remains open, but given that the intestinal microbiome appears to differ between individuals who progress to clinical T1D and nonprogressors, one may speculate that changes in the gut microflora might contribute to the inflammatory process.Keywords
This publication has 88 references indexed in Scilit:
- Metabolic Regulation in Progression to Autoimmune DiabetesPLoS Computational Biology, 2011
- Gut Microbiome Metagenomics Analysis Suggests a Functional Model for the Development of Autoimmunity for Type 1 DiabetesPLOS ONE, 2011
- No association of vitamin D intake or 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in childhood with risk of islet autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes: the Diabetes Autoimmunity Study in the Young (DAISY)Diabetologia, 2011
- The Trial to Reduce IDDM in the Genetically at Risk (TRIGR) study: recruitment, intervention and follow-upDiabetologia, 2010
- Toward defining the autoimmune microbiome for type 1 diabetesThe ISME Journal, 2010
- Height growth velocity, islet autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes development: the Diabetes Autoimmunity Study in the YoungDiabetologia, 2009
- Dysregulation of lipid and amino acid metabolism precedes islet autoimmunity in children who later progress to type 1 diabetesThe Journal of Experimental Medicine, 2008
- Dietary Glycemic Index, Development of Islet Autoimmunity, and Subsequent Progression to Type 1 Diabetes in Young ChildrenJournal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 2008
- Innate immunity and intestinal microbiota in the development of Type 1 diabetesNature, 2008
- The cation efflux transporter ZnT8 (Slc30A8) is a major autoantigen in human type 1 diabetesProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2007