Presence of human papilloma virus, herpes simplex virus and Epstein-Barr virus DNA in oral biopsies from Sudanese patients with regard to toombak use
- 2 July 2010
- journal article
- research article
- Published by Wiley in Journal of Oral Pathology & Medicine
- Vol. 39 (8), 599-604
- https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0714.2010.00910.x
Abstract
Using PCR/DNA sequencing, we investigated the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV), herpes simplex virus (HSV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA in brush biopsies obtained from 150 users of Sudanese snuff (toombak) and 25 non-users of toombak in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue samples obtained from 31 patients with oral dysplasias (25 toombak users and 6 non-users), and from 217 patients with oral cancers (145 toombak users and 72 non-users). In the brush tissue samples from toombak users, HPV was detected in 60 (40%), HSV in 44 (29%) and EBV in 97 (65%) of the samples. The corresponding figures for the 25 samples from non-users were 17 (68%) positive for HPV, 6 (24%) positive for HSV and 21 (84%) for EBV. The formalin-fixed samples with oral dysplasias were all negative for HPV. In the 145 oral cancer samples from toombak users, HPV was detected in 39 (27%), HSV in 15 (10%) and EBV in 53 (37%) of the samples. The corresponding figures for the samples from non-users were 15 (21%) positive for HPV, 5 (7%) for HSV and 16 (22%) for EBV. These findings illustrate that prevalence of HSV, HPV and EBV infections are common and may influence oral health and cancer development. It is not obvious that cancer risk is increased in infected toombak users. These observations warrant further studies involving toombak-associated oral lesions, to uncover the possible mechanisms of these viral infections in the development of oral cancer, and the influence of toombak on these viruses.Keywords
This publication has 27 references indexed in Scilit:
- Characterization of an amorphous deposit in the lamina propria in oral snuff users in the Sudan as collagen.Journal of Oral Pathology & Medicine, 2007
- Infections Causing Human CancerPublished by Wiley ,2006
- Comparison of cancers of the oral cavity and pharynx worldwide: etiological cluesOral Oncology, 2000
- The Swedish Snus and the Sudanese Toombak: are they different?Oral Oncology, 1998
- Toombak Use and Cigarette Smoking in the Sudan: Estimates of Prevalence in the Nile StatePreventive Medicine, 1998
- Toombak dipping and cancer of the oral cavity in the Sudan: A case‐control studyInternational Journal of Cancer, 1995
- Association of herpesvirus infection with the development of genital cancerInternational Journal of Cancer, 1995
- Potentially malignant lesions and conditions of the mouth and oropharynxEuropean Journal Of Cancer Prevention, 1993
- Carcinogenic tobacc-specific nitrosamines are present at unusually high levels in the saliva of oral snuff users in SudanCarcinogenesis: Integrative Cancer Research, 1992
- Trends of cancer mortality in europe, 1955–1989: I, digestive sitesEuropean Journal Of Cancer, 1992