Chiral Resolution and Stereospecificity of 6-Phenyl-4-phenylethynyl- 1,4-dihydropyridines as Selective A3 Adenosine Receptor Antagonists
- 22 July 1999
- journal article
- research article
- Published by American Chemical Society (ACS) in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry
- Vol. 42 (16), 3055-3065
- https://doi.org/10.1021/jm980688e
Abstract
Racemic 6-phenyl-4-phenylethynyl-1,4-dihydropyridine derivatives have been shown to be highly selective A3 adenosine receptor antagonists (Jiang et al. J. Med. Chem. 1997, 40, 2596−2608). Methods for resolving the optical isomers at the C4 position, involving selective crystallization or chromatographic separation of diastereomeric ester derivatives, have been developed. Optically pure glycerol and threitol derivatives were used as chiral auxiliary groups for ester formation at the 3-position, resulting in diastereomeric mixtures of dihydropyridines. Esterification of a 6-phenyl-4-phenylethynyl-1,4-dihydropyridine derivative at the 3-position with a chiral, protected glycerol moiety, (S)-(+)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane-4-methanol, allowed the selective crystallization of a pure diastereomer, 9. The 1H NMR spectrum of 9 using the lanthanide shift reagent Eu(fod)3 indicated optical purity, and the (4S,2‘R)-configuration was assigned using X-ray crystallography. The noncrystalline (4R,2‘R)-isomer 10 was also isolated and shown to be 3-fold more potent than the (4S,2‘R)-isomer in binding to A3 receptors. The 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane moiety also served as a protected form of a diol, which showed selective reactivity versus a 5-ethyl ester in basic transesterification reactions. A racemic 5-carboxylic acid derivative could not be resolved through crystallization of diastereomeric salts. Enantiomers of 5-benzyl 3-ethyl 2-methyl-6-phenyl-4-phenylethynyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate (2) were obtained via an ester derived from (4R,5R)-(−)-2,3-O-isopropylidene-d-threitol at the 3-position, which was resolved using HPLC, and each diastereomer was subsequently deprotected in acidic conditions. The resulting diols were exchanged for ethyl ester groups by base-catalyzed transesterification. The binding of pure enantiomers of 2 at A3 adenosine receptors indicated a 35-fold stereoselectivity for the (4S)-isomer 21. A receptor docking hypothesis, using a previously derived human A3 receptor model, shows the bulkier of the two ester groups (5-Bn) of 21 oriented toward the exofacial side and the 4-position phenylethynyl group situated between transmembrane helical domain TM6 and TM7.This publication has 31 references indexed in Scilit:
- Functionalized Congeners of 1,4-Dihydropyridines as Antagonist Molecular Probes for A3 Adenosine ReceptorsBioconjugate Chemistry, 1999
- A Novel Class of Adenosine A3 Receptor Ligands. 2. Structure Affinity Profile of a Series of Isoquinoline and Quinazoline CompoundsJournal of Medicinal Chemistry, 1998
- Structure−Activity Relationships of 4-(Phenylethynyl)-6-phenyl-1,4- dihydropyridines as Highly Selective A3 Adenosine Receptor AntagonistsJournal of Medicinal Chemistry, 1997
- Calcium Entry Blockers and Activators: Conformational and Structural Determinants of Dihydropyrimidine Calcium Channel ModulatorsJournal of Medicinal Chemistry, 1995
- The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor of the bovine chromaffin cell, a new target for dihydropyridinesEuropean Journal of Pharmacology: Molecular Pharmacology, 1993
- 4-Alkyl-1,4-dihydropyridine derivatives as specific PAF-acether antagonistsJournal of Medicinal Chemistry, 1990
- Macromodel—an integrated software system for modeling organic and bioorganic molecules using molecular mechanicsJournal of Computational Chemistry, 1990
- An all atom force field for simulations of proteins and nucleic acidsJournal of Computational Chemistry, 1986
- A simple method for displaying the hydropathic character of a proteinJournal of Molecular Biology, 1982
- Relationship between the inhibition constant (KI) and the concentration of inhibitor which causes 50 per cent inhibition (I50) of an enzymatic reactionBiochemical Pharmacology, 1973