Molecular Dynamics and Interactions for Creation of Stimulation‐Induced Stabilized Rafts from Small Unstable Steady‐State Rafts
- 18 March 2004
- Vol. 5 (4), 213-230
- https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0854.2004.0178.x
Abstract
We have evaluated the sizes and lifetimes of rafts in the plasma membrane from the existing literature, with a special attention paid to their intrinsically broad distributions and the limited time and space scales that are covered by the observation methods used for these studies. Distinguishing the rafts in the steady state (reserve rafts) from those after stimulation or unintentional crosslinking of raft molecules (stabilized receptor‐cluster rafts) is critically important. In resting cells, the rafts appear small and unstable, and the consensus now is that their sizes are smaller than the optical diffraction limit (250 nm). Upon stimulation, the raft‐preferring receptors are clustered, inducing larger, stabilized rafts, probably by coalescing small, unstable rafts or cholesterol‐glycosphingolipid complexes in the receptor clusters. This receptor‐cluster‐induced conversion of raft types may be caused by suppression of alkyl chain isomerization and the lipid lateral diffusion in the cluster, with the aid of exclusion of cholesterol from the bulk domain and the boundary region of the majority of transmembrane proteins. We critically inspected the possible analogy to the boundary lipid concept. Finally, we propose a hypothesis for the coupling of GPI‐anchored receptor signals with lipid‐anchored signaling molecules in the inner‐leaflet raft.Keywords
This publication has 101 references indexed in Scilit:
- Lipid Rafts: Elusive or Illusive?Cell, 2003
- Membrane Lipid Organization Is Critical for Human Neutrophil PolarizationOnline Journal of Public Health Informatics, 2003
- Solubility of amphiphiles in membranes: influence of phase properties and amphiphile head groupBiochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 2002
- Released GFRα1 Potentiates Downstream Signaling, Neuronal Survival, and Differentiation via a Novel Mechanism of Recruitment of c-Ret to Lipid RaftsNeuron, 2001
- GPI-microdomains: a role in signalling via immunoreceptorsImmunology Today, 1999
- Caveolin, a protein component of caveolae membrane coatsCell, 1992
- Regulation of desmosome assembly in epithelial cells: kinetics of synthesis, transport, and stabilization of desmoglein I, a major protein of the membrane core domain.The Journal of cell biology, 1989
- Kinetics of desmosome assembly in Madin-Darby canine kidney epithelial cells: temporal and spatial regulation of desmoplakin organization and stabilization upon cell-cell contact. II. Morphological analysis.The Journal of cell biology, 1988
- The effect of field fluctuation on a macromolecular systemJournal of Theoretical Biology, 1975
- Field fluctuation in ionic solutions and its biological significanceJournal of Theoretical Biology, 1973