Lanthanide Chelates Containing Pyridine Units with Potential Application as Contrast Agents in Magnetic Resonance Imaging
- 8 July 2004
- journal article
- research article
- Published by Wiley in Chemistry – A European Journal
- Vol. 10 (14), 3579-3590
- https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.200306031
Abstract
A new pyridine‐containing ligand, N,N′‐bis(6‐carboxy‐2‐pyridylmethyl)ethylenediamine‐N,N′‐diacetic acid (H4L), has been designed for the complexation of lanthanide ions. 1H and 13C NMR studies in D2O solutions show octadentate binding of the ligand to the LnIII ions through the nitrogen atoms of two amine groups, the oxygen atoms of four carboxylates, and the two nitrogen atoms of the pyridine rings. Luminescence measurements demonstrate that both EuIII and TbIII complexes are nine‐coordinate, whereby a water molecule completes the LnIII coordination sphere. Ligand L can sensitize both the EuIII and TbIII luminescence; however, the quantum yields of the EuIII‐ and TbIII‐centered luminescence remain modest. This is explained in terms of energy differences between the singlet and triplet states on the one hand, and between the 0‐phonon transition of the triplet state and the excited metal ion states on the other. The anionic [Ln(L)(H2O)]− complexes (Ln=La, Pr, and Gd) were also characterized by theoretical calculations both in vacuo and in aqueous solution (PCM model) at the HF level by means of the 3–21G* basis set for the ligand atoms and a 46+4 fn effective core potential for the lanthanides. The structures obtained from these theoretical calculations are in very good agreement with the experimental solution structures, as demonstrated by paramagnetic NMR measurements (lanthanide‐induced shifts and relaxation‐rate enhancements). Data sets obtained from variable‐temperature 17O NMR at 7.05 T and variable‐temperature 1H nuclear magnetic relaxation dispersion (NMRD) on the GdIII complex were fitted simultaneously to give insight into the parameters that govern the water 1H relaxivity. The water exchange rate (k =5.0×106 s−1) is slightly faster than in [Gd(dota)(H2O)]− (DOTA=1,4,7,10‐tetrakis(carboxymethyl)‐1,4,7,10‐tetraazacyclododecane). Fast rotation limits the relaxivity under the usual MRI conditions.This publication has 54 references indexed in Scilit:
- Innovative magnetic resonance imaging diagnostic agents based on paramagnetic Gd(III) complexesPeptide Science, 2002
- Lanthanide Podates with Programmed Intermolecular Interactions: Luminescence Enhancement through Association with Cyclodextrins and Unusually Large Relaxivity of the Gadolinium Self-AggregatesJournal of the American Chemical Society, 2000
- The Role of Inorganic Chemistry in the Development of Radiometal Agents for Cancer TherapyAccounts of Chemical Research, 1999
- Non-radiative deactivation of the excited states of europium, terbium and ytterbium complexes by proximate energy-matched OH, NH and CH oscillators: an improved luminescence method for establishing solution hydration statesJournal of the Chemical Society, Perkin Transactions 2, 1999
- Structural and Dynamic Parameters Obtained from 17O NMR, EPR, and NMRD Studies of Monomeric and Dimeric Gd3+ Complexes of Interest in Magnetic Resonance Imaging: An Integrated and Theoretically Self-Consistent Approach1Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1996
- Lanthanide-induced contact shifts. the average electron spin polarization, theory and experimentJournal of Magnetic Resonance (1969), 1985
- Structure-independent method for dissecting contact and dipolar NMR shifts in lanthanide complexes and its use in structure determinationAnalytical Chemistry, 1975
- Nuclear relaxation in macromolecules by paramagnetic ions: a novel mechanismJournal of Magnetic Resonance (1969), 1975
- Nuclear magnetic resonance shifts in solution due to lanthanide ionsJournal of Magnetic Resonance (1969), 1972
- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Studies of Solutions of the Rare-Earth Ions and Their Complexes. IV. Concentration and Temperature Dependence of the Oxygen-17 Transverse Relaxation in Aqueous SolutionsThe Journal of Chemical Physics, 1969