The in vitro leishmanicidal and trypanocidal activities of a petroleum ether extract of Oxandra espintana have been investigated. Four aromatic monoterpenes were isolated, of which two are novel: espintanol [3a], responsible for the antiparasite activity, and O-methylespintanol [4]. Espintanol was tested in vitro on 20 strains of Trypanosoma cruzi and 12 strains of Leishmania spp. Its structure was determined by spectroscopic methods and confirmed by its preparation starting from carvacrol.