Toward real microkernels

Abstract
(IPC),and basic scheduling. All servers---even device drivers---run in user mode and are treated exactly likeany other application by the kernel. Since each serverhas its own address space, all these objects are protectedfrom one another.When the microkernel idea was introduced in theCOMMUNICATIONS OF THE ACM September 1996/Vol. 39, No. 9 71late 1980s, the software technology advantagesseemed obvious:. Different application program interfaces (APIs),different file systems, and...

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