On Favorable Propagation in Massive MIMO Systems and Different Antenna Configurations
Open Access
- 18 April 2017
- journal article
- Published by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) in IEEE Access
Abstract
Asymptotic orthogonality of channel vectors, also called favorable propagation (FP), plays a key role in massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems, allowing linear processing to achieve optimality and maximize the information rate. Much research on the FP condition emerges under different assumptions, most of which has been proved to satisfy the FP condition for some massive MIMO implementations. A generic channel model without mutual coupling is proposed to study more general implementations than previously investigated. Two theorems establish: 1) conditions on the steering matrix alone that are sufficient to guarantee the FP condition holds and 2) that a simple condition on the steering matrix alone is sufficient to guarantee FP for all practical massive MIMO implementations. Then the uniform linear array, uniform planar array (UPA), and uniform circular array (UCA) antenna configurations are studied. Theoretical analyses indicate how close and how fast the inner product of different steering vectors converges to zero for a finite number of base station (BS) antennas, and prove that the FP condition is satisfied for the antenna configuration considered for an unlimited number of BS antennas only if the antenna spacing is not proportional to the reciprocal of the number of antennas. The analysis shows that the UCA has the shortest distance from the FP condition among the three antenna structures, while the UPA is especially suitable for massive MIMO systems for 5G owing to its good FP performance and compact physical size. Simulation results validate the theory.Keywords
Funding Information
- China National 863 Project (2014AA01A705)
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (61271257, 61171107)
This publication has 23 references indexed in Scilit:
- On ergodic rates and optimal array geometry in line-of-sight massive MIMOPublished by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ,2016
- Multi-User Massive MIMO Communication Systems Based on Irregular Antenna ArraysIEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 2016
- Limited Feedback Hybrid Precoding for Multi-User Millimeter Wave SystemsIEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 2015
- On the impact of antenna topologies for massive MIMO systemsPublished by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ,2015
- Space-Constrained Massive MIMO: Hitting the Wall of Favorable PropagationIEEE Communications Letters, 2015
- What Will 5G Be?IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 2014
- Massive MIMO in sparse channelsPublished by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ,2014
- Super-Resolution Sparse MIMO-OFDM Channel Estimation Based on Spatial and Temporal CorrelationsIEEE Communications Letters, 2014
- Large-Scale MIMO Transmitters in Fixed Physical Spaces: The Effect of Transmit Correlation and Mutual CouplingIEEE Transactions on Communications, 2013
- Estimation of Sparse MIMO Channels with Common SupportIEEE Transactions on Communications, 2012