Age and Systemic Acid-Base Equilibrium: Analysis of Published Data

Abstract

To investigate whether systemic acid-base equilibrium changes with aging in normal adult humans, we reviewed published articles reporting the acid-base composition of arterial, arterialized venous, or capillary blood in age-identified healthy subjects. We extracted or calculated blood hydrogen ion concentration ([H⁺]), plasma bicarbonate concentration ([HCO-₃]), blood PCO², and age, and computed a total of 61 age-group means, distributed among eight 10-year intervals from age 20 to 100 years. Using linear regression analysis, we found that with increasing age, there is a significant increase in the steady-state blood [H⁺] (p < .001), and reduction in steady-state plasma [HCO-₃] (p < .001), indicative of a progressively worsening low-level metabolic acidosis. Blood PCO₂ decreased with age (p < .05), in keeping with the expected respiratory adaptation to metabolic acidosis. Such age-related increasing metabolic acidosis may reflect in part the normal decline of renal function with increasing age. The role of age-related metabolic acidosis in the pathogenesis of the degenerative diseases of aging warrants consideration.