Non-sequential ionization of Xe and Kr in an intense femtosecond Ti:sapphire laser pulse

Abstract
Using intense 200 fs Ti:sapphire laser pulses, multiphoton multiple ionization of Xe and Kr has been studied over a dynamic range of up to nine orders of magnitude. Huge enhancements in the probability of double ionization of both gases and triple ionization of Xe were observed and attributed to the occurrence of non-sequential (NS) ionization. It was found that the probability of NS ionization of any charge state is a linear combination of the tunnelling probability of the previous charge states.