Associations of markers of inflammation and coagulation with delirium during critical illness
- 18 August 2012
- journal article
- research article
- Published by Springer Science and Business Media LLC in Intensive Care Medicine
- Vol. 38 (12), 1965-1973
- https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-012-2678-x
Abstract
Purpose To assess the associations between a priori-selected markers of inflammation and coagulation and delirium during critical illness. Methods In this prospective cohort study, we collected blood from mechanically ventilated medical intensive care unit (ICU) patients and measured nine plasma markers of inflammation and coagulation. We assessed patients daily for delirium using the Confusion Assessment Method for the ICU and used multivariable regression to analyze the associations between plasma markers and subsequent delirium, after adjusting for age, severity of illness, and sepsis. Results Among the 138 patients studied, with median age of 66 years and median Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II of 27, 107 (78 %) were delirious at some point during the study. Two markers of inflammation and one of coagulation were significantly associated with delirium. After adjusting for covariates, lower plasma concentrations of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and protein C were associated with increased probability of delirium (p = 0.04 and 0.01, respectively), and higher concentrations of soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor-1 (sTNFR1) were associated with increased probability of delirium (p < 0.01). Concentrations of C-reactive protein (p = 0.82), myeloperoxidase (p = 0.11), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (p = 0.70), D-dimer (p = 0.83), plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (p = 0.98), and Von Willebrand factor antigen (p = 0.65) were not associated with delirium. Conclusions In this study, MMP-9, protein C, and sTNFR1 were independently associated with subsequent ICU delirium. These results suggest that specific aspects of inflammation and coagulation may play a role in the evolution of delirium during critical illness and that these markers should be examined in larger studies of ICU patients.Keywords
This publication has 61 references indexed in Scilit:
- Biomarkers associated with delirium in critically ill patients and their relation with long-term subjective cognitive dysfunction; indications for different pathways governing delirium in inflamed and noninflamed patientsCritical Care, 2011
- Procalcitonin and C-reactive protein levels at admission as predictors of duration of acute brain dysfunction in critically ill patientsCritical Care, 2011
- Delirium as a predictor of long-term cognitive impairment in survivors of critical illnessCritical Care Medicine, 2010
- Endotoxemia-induced inflammation and the effect on the human brainCritical Care, 2010
- Drotrecogin alfa (activated) may attenuate severe sepsis-associated encephalopathy in clinical septic shockCritical Care, 2010
- Days of Delirium Are Associated with 1-Year Mortality in an Older Intensive Care Unit PopulationAmerican Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 2009
- Cerebral perfusion in sepsis-associated deliriumCritical Care, 2008
- Delirium in the intensive care unitCritical Care, 2008
- Delirium as a Predictor of Mortality in Mechanically Ventilated Patients in the Intensive Care UnitJAMA, 2004
- APACHE IICritical Care Medicine, 1985