Liver iron concentration evaluated by two magnetic methods: Magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic susceptometry

Abstract

Quantification of liver iron concentration (LIC) is crucial in the management of patients suffering from certain pathologies that can produce iron overload, such as Cooley's anemia and hemochromatosis. All of these patients must control the level of iron deposits in their organs to avoid the toxicity of high LIC, which is potentially lethal. This paper describes experimental protocols for LIC measurement using two magnetic techniques: magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and biomagnetic liver susceptometry (BLS). MRI proton transverse relaxation rate (R₂) and image intensity, evaluated pixel by pixel, were used as indicators of iron load in the tissue. LIC measurement by BLS was performed using an AC superconducting susceptometer system. A group of 23 patients with a large range of iron overload (0.9 to 34.5 mgFe/g_{dry tissue}) was evaluated with both techniques (MRI × BLS). A significant linear correlation (r = 0.89–0.95) was found between the LIC by MRI and by BLS. These results show the feasibility of using two noninvasive methodologies to evaluate liver iron store in a large concentration range. Both methodologies represent an equivalent precision. Magn Reson Med 54:122–128, 2005.