Shortened dental arches and periodontal support*

Abstract

The periodontal support of subjects with shortened dental arches (SDA, n = 74), and of subjects with SDA and free-end removable partial dentures in the lower jaw (SDA and RPD, n = 25) was compared with that of subjects with complete dental arches (CDA, n = 72). The periodontal support was determined by tooth mobility and alveolar bone height, measured on a radiograph, of the distal alveolar bone of the premolars. Significant differences in tooth mobility were found between the three groups of subjects. The relative bone height showed a trend towards lower values for the SDA group and the SDA and RPD group. For some teeth these differences were significant. Premolars that are the most posteriorly located occluding teeth in the dental arch tend to have a lower relative alveolar bone height than premolars in an intermediate location. This effect is more marked in the upper jaw than in the lower jaw. Premolars in the lower jaw, that serve as abutment teeth for free-end RPDs, tend to show lower values for the relative bone height. It is concluded that the differences between the three groups with regard to the periodontal support are small. The large amount of crowns and bridges in both the SDA and SDA and RPD groups, and the dental history of these subjects, resulting in SDA, should be taken into account. However, as indicated by the periodontal breakdown of premolars in some subjects with SDA, the combination of an existing severe periodontal involvement and a SDA is considered to be an unfavourable situation.