Out-of-Pocket Spending and Premium Contributions After Implementation of the Affordable Care Act

Abstract
As implied by its name, the Affordable Care Act (ACA) aimed to ameliorate the burden of health care costs on US families. Before its implementation in 2014, households faced increasing costs for their share of health insurance premiums1,2 and out-of-pocket costs, such as deductibles and co-payments.3,4 In 2012, 41% of nonelderly US adults reported struggling to pay medical bills or going into medical debt.5