Cellulose is one of the most abundant renewable natural resources. With the advent of nanotechnology, the interests of cellulose scientists have diverted towards the extraction of nanocellulose from various plant sources and utilize them in technical applications. The reason behind the rapid progress in the nanocellulose chemistry and engineering lies in the promising properties of the nanocellulose and the products thereof. In fact, nanocelluloses combine the important properties of cellulose with amazing features of nanoscale materials. With the perspective of potential of cellulosic materials production in Nepal basically from agricultural wastes and uses in several applications such as in the preparation of biomaterials, this paper reviews the current knowledge in research and development of nanocelluloses in particular for biomedical applications. After the introduction to the chemical constitution and microfibrillar arrangement of nanocellulose in the cellulose bundles together with other constituents, the ways of preparation of nanocellulose and its functionalization approaches will be discussed. Finally, the application of nanocellulose for preparing biomaterials scaffolds will be introduced DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/bibechana.v9i0.7179 BIBECHANA 9 (2013) 81-87