Spontaneous carotid-cavernous fistulas

Abstract
This study describes the clinical data of 18 patients with spontaneous carotid-cavernous fistulas. The most characteristic findings in this disorder are: radially arranged venous loops around the corneal limbus, (non-pulsating) exophthalmos and secondary glaucoma. Contrary to fistulas of traumatic origin, the fistulas with spontaneous development have a definite tendency to heal spontaneously.