Squaraine Dyes for Photodynamic Therapy: Study of Their Cytotoxicity and Genotoxicity in Bacteria and Mammalian Cells¶‡
- 1 January 2002
- journal article
- Published by Wiley in Photochemistry and Photobiology
- Vol. 76 (6), 672-7
- https://doi.org/10.1562/0031-8655(2002)076<0672:sdfpts>2.0.co;2
Abstract
Halogenated squaraine dyes are characterized by long wavelength absorption (>600 nm) and high triplet yields and therefore represent new types of photosensitizers that could be useful for photodynamic therapy. We have analyzed the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of the bromo derivative 1, the iodo derivative 2 and the corresponding nonhalogenated dye 3 in the absence and presence of visible light. At concentrations of 1-2 microM, 1 and 2 reduced the cloning efficiency of AS52 Chinese hamster ovary cells to less than 1% under conditions that were well tolerated in the dark. Similarly, the proliferation of L5178Y mouse lymphoma cells was inhibited by photoexcited 1 and 2 with high selectivity. The squaraine 3 was much less efficient. Both 1 and 2 induced only few mutations in the gpt locus of the AS52 cells in the presence of light and were not mutagenic in the dark. No mutagenicity with and without irradiation was observed in Salmonella typhimurium TA100 and TA2638. However, both 1 and 2 plus light increased the frequency of micronuclei in AS52 cells. The results indicate that halogenated squaraines exhibit photobiological properties in vitro that are favorable for photodynamic therapeutical applications.Keywords
This publication has 25 references indexed in Scilit:
- Halogenated Squaraine Dyes as Potential Photochemotherapeutic Agents. Synthesis and Study of Photophysical Properties and Quantum Efficiencies of Singlet Oxygen Generation*Photochemistry and Photobiology, 1997
- Photosensitizers of the porphyrin and phthalocyanine series for photodynamic therapyChemical Society Reviews, 1995
- PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPYPhotochemistry and Photobiology, 1993
- PHOTOCHEMOTHERAPY OF CANCER: EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCHPhotochemistry and Photobiology, 1992
- PRECLINICAL EXAMINATION OF FIRST and SECOND GENERATION PHOTOSENSITIZERS USED IN PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPYPhotochemistry and Photobiology, 1991
- Photosensitizing properties of phorbidesJournal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology, 1990
- PHOTOSENSITIZERS: THERAPY AND DETECTION OF MALIGNANT TUMORSPhotochemistry and Photobiology, 1987
- MECHANISMS OF DRUG PHOTOSENSITIZATIONPhotochemistry and Photobiology, 1987
- PHOTOSENSITIZED INACTIVATION OF CHINESE HAMSTER CELLS BY PHTHALOCYANINESPhotochemistry and Photobiology, 1985
- Mechanisms of Photosensitized OxidationScience, 1968