Use of an Electron Flood Gun to Reduce Surface Charging in X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy

Abstract

A flood‐gun arrangement is shown to be useful in alleviating the sample‐charging problem in x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Modest currents (<10−8 A) of low‐energy electrons result in the shifting of photoelectron energy peaks to the proper positions and the reduction of the peak widths.