Apelin Stimulates Myosin Light Chain Phosphorylation in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells

Abstract

Objective— Physiological roles of apelin and its specific receptor APJ signaling were investigated in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). The present study determined whether apelin activates myosin light chain (MLC), a major regulatory event in initiating smooth muscle contraction. Methods and Results— To assess MLC activation, we performed Western blot and immunohistochemical studies using an antibody against the phospho-MLC. In VSMCs, apelin induces the phosphorylation of MLC in a concentration-dependent manner with a peak at 2 minutes. Pretreatment of VSMCs with pertussis toxin abolishes the apelin-induced phosphorylation of MLC. Inhibition of protein kinase C (PKC) with GF-109203X markedly attenuated the apelin-induced MLC phosphorylation. In addition, methylisobutyl amiloride, a specific inhibitor of the Na ⁺ /H ⁺ exchanger (NHE), and KB-R7943, a potent inhibitor for the reverse mode of the Na ⁺ /Ca ²⁺ exchanger (NCX), significantly suppressed the action of apelin. In wild-type mice, apelin phosphorylates MLC in vascular tissue, whereas it had no response in APJ-deficient mice by Western blot and immunohistochemistry. Apelin-induced phosphorylation of MLC was accompanied with myosin phosphatase target subunit phosphorylation. Conclusions— These results provide the first evidence to our knowledge for apelin-mediated MLC phosphorylation in vitro and in vivo, which is a potential mechanism of apelin-mediated vasoconstriction.