GENERIC REVISION OF THE CLINOCERINAE (EMPIDIDAE), AND DESCRIPTION AND PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS OF THE TRICHOPEZINAE, NEW STATUS (DIPTERA: EMPIDOIDEA)

Abstract

Sixteen genera are recognized in the Clinocerinae (Diptera: Empididae):DipsomyiaBezzi,ProagomyiaCollin,AsymphylopteraCollin,ProclinopygaMelander,RhyacodromiaSaigusa,TrichoclinoceraCollin,ClinoceraMeigen,OreothaliaMelander,RoederiodesCoquillett,ClinocerellaEngel, new status,HypenellaCollin,KowarziaMik,DolichocephalaMacquart,PhaeobaliaMik,BergenstammiaMik, andWiedemanniaZetterstedt. The subgenera ofClinoceraare no longer recognized and the genus is divided into six tentative informal species groups. The following new generic synonyms are proposed:HydrodromiaMacquart =Clinocera;ArchiclinoceraFrey andHypoclinoceraFrey =Kowarzia;LamposomaBecker,FurGarrett Jones, andObstinocephalaGarrett Jones =Dolichocephala. A key to genera is provided for the identification of adult specimens of Clinocerinae, all genera are described, several lectotypes are designated, and male and female terminalia are illustrated. A world list of species is included for each genus, identifying new combinations. Cladistic relationships of the genera of the Clinocerinae are presented.ZanclotusWilder is transferred from the Clinocerinae to the Oreogetoninae.DryodromiaRondani, also formerly in Clinocerinae, is considered to be most closely related toHesperempisMelander, both of which are hypothesized to share apomorphies with the Empidinae + Hemerodromiinae. The generaBoreodromiaCoquillett,CeratempisMelander,EphydrempisSaigusa,NiphogeniaMelander,SabroskyellaWilder, andTrichopezaRondani also are removed from the Clinocerinae and transferred to the subfamily Trichopezinae, new status. In addition,ApalocnemisPhilippi,GlomaMeigen,HyperperaceraCollin (all formerly in Oreogetoninae) andHeleodromiaHaliday (formerly in Hemerodromiinae) are transferred to the Trichopezinae.HeterophlebusPhilippi (formerly in Oreogetoninae) andRubistellaGarrett Jones (formerly in Brachystomatinae) are removed from synonymy and also transferred to the Trichopezinae. This subfamily is described, and the phylogenetic relationships and.geographic distribution of the included genera are discussed. The Trichopezinae is considered most closely related to the Brachystomatinae (exclusive ofHomalocnemisPhilippi) and Ceratomerinae. These three subfamilies are hypothesized to represent the sister group to the Microphorinae + Dolichopodidae.