Influence of low- and high-protein diets on insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1 binding to skeletal muscle and liver in the growing rat

Abstract

The influence of protein content of the diet on the plasma concentrations and binding to skeletal muscle and liver of insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), was studied in growing rats. Animals with a starting body-weight of 80 g received for an 11 d period isoenergetic diets containing (g/kg dry matter) 155 protein as controls (MP), or 55 (LP) or 300 (HP) protein. Food was offered as six equal meals/d. Daily food intakes provided adequate amounts of energy. Total plasma IGF-1 increased linearly as a function of dietary protein intake. Plasma insulin was lower in the LP than in the MP and HP groups. Hormone binding was studied in wheat-germ agglutinin (WGA) partially purified skeletal muscle receptor preparations. Each¹²⁵I-labelled hormone binding was competed for by increasing amounts of homologous and heterologous unlabelled hormone; this displacement needed lower concentrations of homologous than heterologous hormone. When compared with MP-diet feeding, the LP diet resulted in an increased ligand concentration for half-maximal binding. In addition the specific¹²⁵I-labelled insulin and¹²⁵I-labelled IGF-1 binding increased at all hormone concentrations and, as revealed by Scatchard analysis, the hormone binding capacity also rose (only significant for low-affinity insulin receptors and high-affinity IGF-1 receptors). The HP diet had little effect on hormone binding, except to increase insulin binding at very low insulin concentrations. Hormone binding was further studied in WGA partially purified liver receptor preparations. Those preparations did not exhibit any detectable specific¹²⁵I-labelled IGF-1 binding. The specific¹²⁵I-labelled insulin binding was not altered by dietary protein level. It is concluded that the increase in skeletal muscle insulin and IGF-1 binding along with a decrease in insulin and IGF-1 in the blood from rats fed on the LP diet, is consistent with the concept of an inverse relationship between plasma hormone and hormone binding. The physiological significance with respect to metabolic adaptation of muscle remains to be established