Cortical Plasticity Induced by Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation during Wakefulness Affects Electroencephalogram Activity during Sleep
Open Access
- 25 June 2008
- journal article
- research article
- Published by Public Library of Science (PLoS) in PLOS ONE
- Vol. 3 (6), e2483
- https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0002483
Abstract
Sleep electroencephalogram (EEG) brain oscillations in the low-frequency range show local signs of homeostatic regulation after learning. Such increases and decreases of slow wave activity are limited to the cortical regions involved in specific task performance during wakefulness. Here, we test the hypothesis that reorganization of motor cortex produced by long-term potentiation (LTP) affects EEG activity of this brain area during subsequent sleep. By pairing median nerve stimulation with transcranial magnetic stimulation over the contralateral motor cortex, one can potentiate the motor output, which is presumed to reflect plasticity of the neural circuitry. This paired associative stimulation increases M1 cortical excitability at interstimulus intervals of 25 ms. We compared the scalp distribution of sleep EEG power following paired associative stimulation at 25 ms to that following a control paradigm with 50 ms intervals. It is shown that the experimental manipulation by paired associative stimulation at 25 ms induces a 48% increase in amplitude of motor evoked potentials. This LTP-like potentiation, induced during waking, affects delta and theta EEG power in both REM and non-REM sleep, measured during the following night. Slow-wave activity increases in some frontal and prefrontal derivations and decreases at sites neighboring and contralateral to the stimulated motor cortex. The magnitude of increased amplitudes of motor evoked potentials by the paired associative stimulation at 25 ms predicts enhancements of slow-wave activity in prefrontal regions. An LTP-like paradigm, presumably inducing increased synaptic strength, leads to changes in local sleep regulation, as indexed by EEG slow-wave activity. Enhancement and depression of slow-wave activity are interpreted in terms of a simultaneous activation of both excitatory and inhibitory circuits consequent to the paired associative stimulation at 25 ms.Keywords
This publication has 51 references indexed in Scilit:
- Molecular and electrophysiological evidence for net synaptic potentiation in wake and depression in sleepNature Neuroscience, 2008
- TMS-Induced Cortical Potentiation during Wakefulness Locally Increases Slow Wave Activity during SleepPLOS ONE, 2007
- Arm immobilization causes cortical plastic changes and locally decreases sleep slow wave activityNature Neuroscience, 2006
- Local sleep and learningNature, 2004
- Learning Modifies Subsequent Induction of Long-Term Potentiation-Like and Long-Term Depression-Like Plasticity in Human Motor CortexJournal of Neuroscience, 2004
- Proposed supplements and amendments to ‘A Manual of Standardized Terminology, Techniques and Scoring System for Sleep Stages of Human Subjects’, the Rechtschaffen & Kales (1968) standardPsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 2001
- Models of sleep regulation in mammalsJournal of Sleep Research, 1992
- Unihemispheric sleep deprivation in bottlenose dolphinsJournal of Sleep Research, 1992
- Long‐Lasting Facilitation of Synaptic TransmissionPublished by Wiley ,1978
- The Organization of Behavior; A Neuropsychological TheoryThe American Journal of Psychology, 1950