Cd2SnO4, CdIn2O4, and Cd2GeO4 as anodes for the photoelectrolysis of water

Abstract
From their photoelectrolysis spectra we have determined the lowest band gaps of Cd2SnO4, CdIn2O4, and Cd2GeO4 to be 2.12 (indirect), 2.23 (forbidden), and 3.15 eV (indirect), respectively; their flat‐band potentials are +0.18, +0.25, and −0.82 V (SCE), respectively. This combination of band gaps and flat‐band potentials, and the observed long‐term instability of Cd2SnO4, makes these materials unsuitable as electrodes in solar photoelectrolysis cells.