Recognition of damage-associated molecular patterns related to nucleic acids during inflammation and vaccination
Open Access
- 1 January 2013
- journal article
- review article
- Published by Frontiers Media SA in Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology
- Vol. 2, 168
- https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2012.00168
Abstract
All mammalian cells are equipped with large numbers of sensors for protection from various sorts of invaders, who, in turn, are equipped with molecules containing pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Once these sensors recognize non-self antigens containing PAMPs, various physiological responses including inflammation are induced to eliminate the pathogens. However, the host sometimes suffers from chronic infection or continuous injuries, resulting in production of self-molecules containing damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). DAMPs are also responsible for the elimination of pathogens, but promiscuous recognition of DAMPs through sensors against PAMPs has been reported. Accumulation of DAMPs leads to massive inflammation and continuous production of DAMPs; that is, a vicious circle leading to the development of autoimmune disease. From a vaccinological point of view, the accurate recognition of both PAMPs and DAMPs is important for vaccine immunogenicity, because vaccine adjuvants are composed of several PAMPs and/or DAMPs, which are also associated with severe adverse events after vaccination. Here, we review as the roles of PAMPs and DAMPs upon infection with pathogens or inflammation, and the sensors responsible for recognizing them, as well as their relationship with the development of autoimmune disease or the immunogenicity of vaccines.Keywords
This publication has 100 references indexed in Scilit:
- The Adaptor Protein MITA Links Virus-Sensing Receptors to IRF3 Transcription Factor ActivationImmunity, 2008
- Trex1 Prevents Cell-Intrinsic Initiation of AutoimmunityCell, 2008
- TANK-binding kinase-1 delineates innate and adaptive immune responses to DNA vaccinesNature, 2008
- DAI (DLM-1/ZBP1) is a cytosolic DNA sensor and an activator of innate immune responseNature, 2007
- Chronic polyarthritis caused by mammalian DNA that escapes from degradation in macrophagesNature, 2006
- Toll-like Receptor 7 and TLR9 Dictate Autoantibody Specificity and Have Opposing Inflammatory and Regulatory Roles in a Murine Model of LupusImmunity, 2006
- Cardif is an adaptor protein in the RIG-I antiviral pathway and is targeted by hepatitis C virusNature, 2005
- Identification and Characterization of MAVS, a Mitochondrial Antiviral Signaling Protein that Activates NF-κB and IRF3Cell, 2005
- VISA Is an Adapter Protein Required for Virus-Triggered IFN-β SignalingMolecular Cell, 2005
- Molecular identification of a danger signal that alerts the immune system to dying cellsNature, 2003