Paediatric Acute Kidney Injury in a Tertiary Hospital in Nigeria: Prevalence, Causes and Mortality Rate
Open Access
- 10 December 2012
- journal article
- research article
- Published by Public Library of Science (PLoS) in PLOS ONE
- Vol. 7 (12), e51229
- https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0051229
Abstract
The modest decline in child mortality in Africa raises the question whether the pattern of diseases associated with acute kidney injury (AKI) in children in Nigeria has changed. A database of children, aged between one month and 16 years, with AKI (using modified pediatric RIFLE criteria) was reviewed. The cause of AKI was defined as the major underlying disease. The clinical and laboratory features of children with AKI who survived were compared to those who died. Of the 4 015 children admitted into Lagos University Teaching Hospital between July 2010 and July 2012, 70 episodes of AKI were recorded equalling 17.4 cases per 1000 children. The median age of the children with AKI was 4.8 (range 0.1–14.4) years and 68.6% were males. Acute kidney injury was present in 58 (82.9%) children at admission with 70% in ‘failure’ category. Primary kidney disease (38.6%), sepsis (25.7%) and malaria (11.4%) were the commonest causes. The primary kidney diseases were acute glomerulonephritis (11) and nephrotic syndrome (8). Nineteen (28.4%) children with AKI died. Need for dialysis [odds ratio: 10.04 (2.94–34.33)], white cell >15 000/mm3 [odds ratio: 5.72 (1.65–19.89)] and platelet 3 [odds ratio: 9.56 (2.63–34.77)] were associated with death. Acute kidney injury is common in children admitted to hospitals. The common causes remain primary kidney diseases, sepsis and malaria but the contribution of sepsis is rising while malaria and gastroenteritis are declining. Acute kidney injury-related mortality remains high.Keywords
This publication has 21 references indexed in Scilit:
- Global, regional, and national causes of child mortality: an updated systematic analysis for 2010 with time trends since 2000The Lancet, 2012
- Acute kidney injury in childrenPediatric Nephrology, 2009
- Prognosis for children with acute kidney injury in the intensive care unitPediatric Nephrology, 2008
- Outcome and risk factors for mortality in children with acute renal failureClinical Nephrology, 2008
- Epidemiology and outcome of acute kidney injury in New Zealand childrenJournal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2008
- Modified RIFLE criteria in critically ill children with acute kidney injuryKidney International, 2007
- Acute Kidney Injury, Mortality, Length of Stay, and Costs in Hospitalized PatientsJournal of the American Society of Nephrology, 2005
- Acute renal failure in Nigerian children: Port Harcourt experiencePediatric Nephrology, 2005
- Renal failure in Nigerian children: factors limiting access to dialysisPediatric Nephrology, 2003
- Pediatric acute renal failure: outcome by modality and diseasePediatric Nephrology, 2001