Microstructural and Dynamical Heterogeneities in Ionic Liquids
Top Cited Papers
Open Access
- 15 April 2020
- journal article
- review article
- Published by American Chemical Society (ACS) in Chemical Reviews
- Vol. 120 (13), 5798-5877
- https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00693
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) are a special category of molten salts solely composed of ions with varied molecular symmetry and charge delocalization. The versatility in combining varied cation–anion moieties and in functionalizing ions with different atoms and molecular groups contributes to their peculiar interactions ranging from weak isotropic associations to strong, specific, and anisotropic forces. A delicate interplay among intra- and intermolecular interactions facilitates the formation of heterogeneous microstructures and liquid morphologies, which further contributes to their striking dynamical properties. Microstructural and dynamical heterogeneities of ILs lead to their multifaceted properties described by an inherent designer feature, which makes ILs important candidates for novel solvents, electrolytes, and functional materials in academia and industrial applications. Due to a massive number of combinations of ion pairs with ion species having distinct molecular structures and IL mixtures containing varied molecular solvents, a comprehensive understanding of their hierarchical structural and dynamical quantities is of great significance for a rational selection of ILs with appropriate properties and thereafter advancing their macroscopic functionalities in applications. In this review, we comprehensively trace recent advances in understanding delicate interplay of strong and weak interactions that underpin their complex phase behaviors with a particular emphasis on understanding heterogeneous microstructures and dynamics of ILs in bulk liquids, in mixtures with cosolvents, and in interfacial regions.Funding Information
- Vetenskapsr?det (2018-05351)
- Basic Energy Sciences (DEFG03-84ER13251)
- Air Force Office of Scientific Research (FA9550-16-1-0104)
- Knut och Alice Wallenbergs Stiftelse (KAW 2017.0166, KAW 2018.0380)
- Unitatea Executiva pentru Finantarea Invatamantului Superior, a Cercetarii, Dezvoltarii si Inovarii (PN-III-P4-ID-PCCF-2016-0050)
- Verband der Chemischen Industrie (15126)
- Fondazione di Sardegna (CUP F71I17000170002)
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (21534004, 21833008)
- H2020 European Research Council (NAPOLI-639720)
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