Trends and associations ofTrichomonas vaginalisinfection in men and women with genital discharge syndromes in Johannesburg, South Africa: Table 1
- 20 April 2013
- journal article
- research article
- Published by BMJ in Sexually Transmitted Infections
- Vol. 89 (6), 523-527
- https://doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2013-051049
Abstract
Objectives To better understand the epidemiology of Trichomonas vaginalis infection, we investigated the association between T vaginalis and demographic, clinical, microbiological and behavioural characteristics of patients presenting with genital discharges to a primary healthcare clinic in Johannesburg, South Africa. Methods During six annual surveys (2007–2012), 1218 cases of male urethral discharge syndrome and 1232 cases of vaginal discharge syndrome were consecutively recruited. Diagnostic methods included nucleic acid amplification (Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, T vaginalis and Mycoplasma genitalium), microscopy (bacterial vaginosis and Candida) and serology (Treponema pallidum, herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) and HIV). Logistic regression analyses and χ2 tests were used to identify predictors of T vaginalis infection. Results The prevalence of T vaginalis decreased from 2007 to 2012 (men from 13.4% to 4.8%; women from 33.8 to 23.1%). Overall, 74 (6.1%) men and 291 (23.6%) women were T vaginalis positive, with the highest prevalence in those aged ≥40 years (men 13.6%; women 30.9%). T vaginalis infection occurred more often in pregnant women (adjusted OR (aOR) 2.67; 95% CI 1.29 to 5.54) and in women with serological evidence of T pallidum (aOR 1.63; 95% CI 1.08 to 2.45) or HSV-2 infections (aOR 1.75; 95% CI 1.16 to 2.64). T vaginalis infection occurred less often in men with coexistent gonorrhoea (aOR 0.35; 95% CI 0.21 to 0.57) and in women with either bacterial vaginosis (aOR 0.60; 95% CI 0.44 to 0.82) or Candida morphotypes (OR 0.61; 95% CI 0.43 to 0.86). Conclusions Although the prevalence of T vaginalis infection has decreased over time, it remains an important cause of genital discharge in South Africa, particularly in older patients and pregnant women.Keywords
This publication has 10 references indexed in Scilit:
- Etiology and STI/HIV Coinfections Among Patients With Urethral and Vaginal Discharge Syndromes in South AfricaSexually Transmitted Diseases, 2010
- Current Issues and Considerations Regarding Trichomoniasis and Human Immunodeficiency Virus in African-AmericansClinical Microbiology Reviews, 2009
- The effects of male circumcision on female partners' genital tract symptoms and vaginal infections in a randomized trial in Rakai, UgandaAmerican Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2008
- Co-occurrence of intoxication during sex and sexually transmissible infections among young African American women: does partner intoxication matter?Sexual Health, 2008
- Infection withTrichomonas vaginalisIncreases the Risk of HIV‐1 AcquisitionThe Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2007
- Sentinel surveillance of sexually transmitted infections in South Africa: a reviewSexually Transmitted Infections, 2005
- TrichomoniasisClinical Microbiology Reviews, 2004
- Addition of Treatment for Trichomoniasis to Syndromic Management of Urethritis in Malawi:Sexually Transmitted Diseases, 2003
- Trichomonas vaginalis Associated With Low Birth Weight and Preterm DeliverySexually Transmitted Diseases, 1997
- Prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis in Men at High Risk for Sexually Transmitted DiseasesSexually Transmitted Diseases, 1991