Resistance of Scoria-Based Blended Cement Concrete against Deterioration and Corrosion in Mixed Sulfate Environment

Abstract

The use of blended cements incorporating supplementary cementing materials and cements with low ${\mathrm{C}}_3\mathrm{A}$ content is becoming common to prevent the deterioration of concrete structures subjected to aggressive environments. This paper presents the results of an investigation on the performance of finely ground volcanic scoria (VS)-based ASTM Type I and Type V (low ${\mathrm{C}}_3\mathrm{A}$ ) blended cement concrete mixtures with varying immersion periods of up to $48\text{months}$ in environments characterized by the presence of mixed magnesium–sodium sulfates. The concrete mixtures comprise a combination of two Portland cements (Types I and V) and two VS-based blended cements with two water-to-binder ratio of 0.35 and 0.45. Background experiments (in addition to strength and fresh properties) including X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP), and rapid chloride permeability (RCP) were conducted on all concrete mixtures to determine phase composition, pozzolanic activity, porosity, and chloride ion resistance. Deterioration of concrete due to mixed sulfate attack and corrosion of reinforcing steel were evaluated by assessing concrete weight loss and measuring corrosion potentials and polarization resistance at periodic intervals throughout the immersion period of $48\text{months}$ . Plain (Type I/V) cement concretes, irrespective of their ${\mathrm{C}}_3\mathrm{A}$ content, performed better in terms of deterioration and corrosion resistance compared to Type I/V VS-based blended cement concrete mixtures in mixed sulfate environment.