The relationship between vision and mental functioning was investigated in a study of 295 elderly residents from three levels of care. Visual acuity and mental status were assessed. The findings indicate that there was indeed a relationship between vision and mental status. The study raises the issue of whether some older persons have been inappropriately labeled mentally impaired as a result of unresolved vision needs. Results are interpreted in terms of the need for vision screening, rehabilitation programs, and reimbursement policy.