The atomic force microscope as a tool for studying phase separation in lipid membranes (Review)
- 1 January 2006
- journal article
- review article
- Published by Informa UK Limited in Molecular Membrane Biology
- Vol. 23 (1), 17-28
- https://doi.org/10.1080/09687860500501158
Abstract
Atomic force microscopy has developed into a powerful tool in the study of phase separation in lipid bilayers. Its ability to image a semi-fluid surface under buffer at nanometre lateral resolution and Angstrom resolution vertically allows us to distinguish phase separated lipid domains, models of the elusive rafts postulated to exist as functional platforms in the cellular membrane, which may only rise 0.3 nm above the surrounding membrane. This review charts the history of this development, and includes a description of sample preparation techniques, factors affecting image contrast mechanisms, its use in the investigation of the pre-transition ripple phase, and in the localization of cell surface proteins.Keywords
This publication has 79 references indexed in Scilit:
- Two-Color Near-Field Fluorescence Microscopy Studies of Microdomains (“Rafts”) in Model MembranesLangmuir, 2003
- Effect of Ca2+ on the Morphology of Mixed DPPC−DOPS Supported Phospholipid BilayersLangmuir, 2000
- Asymmetric Molecular Friction in Supported Phospholipid Bilayers Revealed by NMR Measurements of Lipid DiffusionLangmuir, 1998
- Structure of Detergent-Resistant Membrane Domains: Does Phase Separation Occur in Biological Membranes?Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 1997
- On the Origin of Sphingolipid/Cholesterol-Rich Detergent-Insoluble Cell Membranes: Physiological Concentrations of Cholesterol and Sphingolipid Induce Formation of a Detergent-Insoluble, Liquid-Ordered Lipid Phase in Model MembranesBiochemistry, 1997
- Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (C4H11NO3) Induced a Ripple Phase in Supported Unilamellar Phospholipid BilayersBiochemistry, 1994
- Infrared studies of fully hydrated unsaturated phosphatidylserine bilayers. Effect of lithium and calciumBiochemistry, 1987
- Freeze-etch study of an unmodified lectin interacting with its receptors in model membranesBiochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes, 1984
- Calcium association with phosphatidylserine Modification by cholesterol and phosphatidylcholine in monolayers and bilayersBiochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes, 1983
- Clustering of gangliosides in phospholipid bilayersFEBS Letters, 1980