Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase Is Associated with Airway Obstruction in BALB/c Mice Exposed to Ozone

Abstract

Background: The functional role of nitric oxide (NO) and the various nitric oxide synthase (NOS) isoforms in asthma is controversial. Objective: To investigate the role of NO in mice exposed to ozone, three known isoforms of NOS [inducible NOS (iNOS), neuronal NOS (nNOS), and endothelial NOS (eNOS)] were studied. Methods: The expression of iNOS, nNOS, and eNOS was determined in lung by Western blot analysis after exposure to filtered air and ozone (0.12, 0.5, 1 or 2 ppm) for 3 h. Using barometric whole-body plethysmography and increase in enhanced pause (Penh) as an index of airway obstruction, we measured airway responses to ozone exposure. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed. Nitrate and nitrite were measured using a modified Griess reaction. Results: The nitrate concentration in BAL fluid, which indicates the in vivo generation of NO in airways, from the ozone-exposed group was significantly greater than that from the group exposed to filtered air (631.0 ± 86.4 vs. 152.1 ± 16.9 µmol/l, p < 0.05). The nitrate concentration in BAL fluid was increased more in mice exposed to 2-ppm ozone than that in mice exposed to filtered air or 0.12-, 0.5-, or 1-ppm ozone. Increases in Penh after exposure to ozone or filtered air were significantly higher in the ozone-exposed groups than in the group exposed to filtered air (p < 0.01). Increases in Penh were dependent on the ozone concentration. Although the protein levels of eNOS and iNOS determined were within normal levels, the amount of nNOS protein was markedly elevated in airway tissue homogenates of the group exposed to 2-ppm ozone. Conclusion: These findings demonstrate that the nNOS isoform may be involved in airway obstruction in mice exposed to ozone.