Quantitative Production of Compound I from a Cytochrome P450 Enzyme at Low Temperatures. Kinetics, Activation Parameters, and Kinetic Isotope Effects for Oxidation of Benzyl Alcohol

Abstract

Cytochrome P450 enzymes are commonly thought to oxidize substrates via an iron(IV)-oxo porphyrin radical cation transient termed Compound I, but kinetic studies of P450 Compounds I are essentially nonexistent. We report production of Compound I from cytochrome P450 119 (CYP119) in high conversion from the corresponding Compound II species at low temperatures in buffer mixtures containing 50% glycerol by photolysis with 365 nm light from a pulsed lamp. Compound I was studied as a reagent in oxidations of benzyl alcohol and its benzylic mono- and dideuterio isotopomers. Pseudo-first-order rate constants obtained at −50 °C with concentrations of substrates between 1.0 and 6.0 mM displayed saturation kinetics that gave binding constants for the substrate in the Compound I species (K_bind) and first-order rate constants for the oxidation reactions (k_ox). Representative results are K_bind = 214 M⁻¹ and k_ox = 0.48 s⁻¹ for oxidation of benzyl alcohol. For the dideuterated substrate C₆H₅CD₂OH, kinetics were studied between −50 and −25 °C, and a van’t Hoff plot for complexation and an Arrhenius plot for the oxidation reaction were constructed. The H/D kinetic isotope effects (KIEs) at −50 °C were resolved into a large primary KIE (P = 11.9) and a small, inverse secondary KIE (S = 0.96). Comparison of values extrapolated to 22 °C of both the rate constant for oxidation of C₆H₅CD₂OH and the KIE for the nondeuterated and dideuterated substrates to values obtained previously in laser flash photolysis experiments suggested that tunneling could be a significant component of the total rate constant at −50 °C.