Gallbladder cancers
- 1 May 2014
- journal article
- research article
- Published by Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health) in European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology
- Vol. 26 (5), 562-569
- https://doi.org/10.1097/meg.0000000000000074
Abstract
Gallbladder cancer has a poor prognosis, with a reported 5-year survival of 5%. The prognosis improves when an R0 resection is feasible, but an early diagnosis is rare. The aim of the present study is to analyze the different conditions associated with gallbladder carcinomas and to report the main prognostic factors for these tumors to enable prevention. From 1986 to 2012, 75 patients were found to have gallbladder cancer during the study of 2942 patients affected by biliary tract diseases; 34 of these patients had gallbladder and gallstones, and had been subjected to bile analysis. Pancreatobiliary reflux was studied by biliary trypsin and C-Ki-ras genes were analyzed in 11 cases. Gallstones were found in 72 of 75 gallbladder cancer patients; in particular, large gallstones were associated with 88.88% of squamous-cell carcinoma, 68.2% of adenocarcinoma, and never with papillary adenocarcinoma. Pancreatobiliary reflux was associated with papillary adenocarcinoma in 100% of cases, but seldom with squamous cell carcinoma. C-Ki-ras mutations were found in 100% of patients with papillary carcinoma. R0 resection in in-situ cancer has the best prognosis. Preventive cholecystectomy should be performed in high-risk patients (gallstones larger 3 cm; adenomatous polyps>1 cm; pancreatobiliary reflux, porcelain gallbladder, segmental adenomyomatosis, xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis). The histological stratification of gallbladder cancer should be carried out before starting further studies because squamous-cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and papillary carcinoma are associated with different risk factors and genetic mutations and have different responsiveness to chemotherapies.This publication has 32 references indexed in Scilit:
- Blackberry pigment (whitlockite) gallstones in uremic patientClinics and Research in Hepatology and Gastroenterology, 2013
- Gallbladder cancer: Past, present and an uncertain futureSurgical Oncology, 2012
- Role of parietal (gallbladder mucosa) factors in the formation of black pigment gallstonesClinics and Research in Hepatology and Gastroenterology, 2012
- Ultrastructural analysis and classification of pigment gallstonesJournal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine, 2003
- Squamous-cell and non-squamous-cell carcinomas of the gallbladder have different risk factorsThe Lancet Oncology, 2003
- Helicobacter pylori and the risk of benign and malignant biliary tract diseaseCancer, 2003
- Rokitansky-Aschoff Sinuses of the Gallbladder are Associated with Black Pigment Gallstone Formation: A Scanning Electron Microscopy StudyUltrastructural Pathology, 2003
- Gallbladder Cancer: Comparison of Patients Presenting Initially for Definitive Operation With Those Presenting After Prior Noncurative InterventionAnnals of Surgery, 2000
- The Role of Bacteria in Pigment Gallstone DiseaseAnnals of Surgery, 1991
- Carcinoma of the gallbladder. Staging, treatment, and prognosisCancer, 1976