Kinetics of Hemagglutination-Inhibiting Antibodies Following Maternal Influenza Vaccination Among Mothers With and Those Without HIV Infection and Their Infants
Open Access
- 16 June 2015
- journal article
- research article
- Published by Oxford University Press (OUP) in The Journal of Infectious Diseases
- Vol. 212 (12), 1976-1987
- https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiv339
Abstract
Background. We evaluated the immunogenicity of trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV3) in pregnant women with and those without human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and the persistence of hemagglutination-inhibiting antibodies in mothers and infants. Methods. Antibodies were measured before vaccination, 1 month after vaccination, at delivery, and at postpartum week 24 in mothers and within 1 week of birth and at 8, 16, and 24 weeks of age in infants. Results. We enrolled 98 HIV-uninfected and 100 HIV-infected pregnant women, including 93% with a CD4+ T-cell count of ≥200 cells/µL. Compared with HIV-uninfected women, HIV-infected women had lower seroconversion rates (ranging from 63%–92% vs 36%–40%), lower antibody titers through postpartum week 24, and overlapping antibody half-lives (ranging from 106–121 vs 87–153 days). Infant titers were lower than the maternal titers within 1 week of delivery, regardless of vaccine strain and HIV exposure status. Compared with HIV-unexposed infants, HIV-exposed infants had a similar transplacental influenza virus antibody transfer ratio, lower titers, and a lower frequency of titers ≥1:40 (ranging from 82%–95% vs 43%–79%) at birth and higher antibody half-lives (ranging from 43–45 vs 56–65 days). Conclusions. Compared with HIV-uninfected pregnant women, HIV-infected pregnant women had lower antibody responses and persistence. Compared with HIV-unexposed infants, HIV-exposed infants had lower antibody levels at birth but similar antibody levels after 8 weeks of life. Early IIV3 administration during pregnancy did not decrease antibody titers among infants at birth.Keywords
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