Determination of whole‐brain oxygen extraction fractions by fast measurement of blood T2 in the jugular vein
Open Access
- 30 November 2010
- journal article
- research article
- Published by Wiley in Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
- Vol. 65 (2), 471-479
- https://doi.org/10.1002/mrm.22556
Abstract
The oxygen extraction fraction of the brain reports on the balance between oxygen delivery and consumption and can be used to assess deviations in physiological homeostasis. This is relevant clinically as well as for calibrating blood oxygen level–dependent functional MRI responses. Oxygen extraction fraction is reflected in the arteriovenous difference in oxygen saturation fraction (Yv − Ya), which can be determined from venous T2 values when arterial oxygenation is known. A pulse sequence is presented that allows rapid measurement (T2s in the internal jugular vein. The technique combines slice‐saturation and blood inflow to attain high signal‐to‐noise ratio in blood and minimal contamination from tissue. The sequence is sensitized to T2 using a nonselective Carr‐Purcell‐Meiboom‐Gill T2 preparation directly after slice saturation. Fast scanning (pulse repetition time of about 2 sec) is possible by using a nonselective saturation directly after acquisition to rapidly achieve steady‐state longitudinal magnetization. The venous T2 (for 10 msec Carr‐Purcell‐Meiboom‐Gill interecho time) for normal volunteers was 62.4 ± 6.1 msec (n = 20). A calibration curve relating T2 to blood oxygenation was established using a blood perfusion phantom. Using this calibration, a whole‐brain oxygen extraction fraction of 0.37 ± 0.04 was determined (n = 20), in excellent agreement with literature values. Magn Reson Med, 2011.Keywords
Funding Information
- NIH (NIH-NIBIB R01-EB002634, NIH-NCRR P41-RR15241)
This publication has 45 references indexed in Scilit:
- Global Cerebral Oxidative Metabolism during Hypercapnia and Hypocapnia in Humans: Implications for BOLD fMRIJournal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism, 2010
- Noninvasive quantification of whole‐brain cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2) by MRIMagnetic Resonance in Medicine, 2009
- Validation of oxygen extraction fraction measurement by qBOLD techniqueMagnetic Resonance in Medicine, 2008
- Baseline blood oxygenation modulates response amplitude: Physiologic basis for intersubject variations in functional MRI signalsMagnetic Resonance in Medicine, 2008
- Quantitative evaluation of oxygenation in venous vessels using T2‐Relaxation‐Under‐Spin‐Tagging MRIMagnetic Resonance in Medicine, 2008
- Normal jugular bulb oxygen saturationJournal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, 2003
- Determination of Oxygen Extraction Ratios by Magnetic Resonance ImagingJournal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism, 1999
- Symmetric pulses to induce arbitrary flip angles with compensation for rf inhomogeneity and resonance offsetsJournal of Magnetic Resonance (1969), 1991
- NMR Relaxation Times of BloodJournal of Computer Assisted Tomography, 1987
- Carotid artery velocity patterns in normal and stenotic vessels.Stroke, 1980