Low Free Testosterone Concentration as a Potentially Treatable Cause of Depressive Symptoms in Older Men

Abstract

Depression is a leading cause of disability worldwide,¹ affecting 2% to 5% of the population at any point in time.² The prevalence of depression is higher in women than in men throughout the lifespan, but sex differences all but disappear after age 65 years.³ The results of several experimental and observational studies and randomized trials suggest that gonadal corticosteroids might be partly responsible for such a sex-related phenomenon.^4-6 Currently available evidence suggests that estradiol has clinically relevant antidepressant properties,^6-10 but data in support of a potential role for testosterone in the modulation of mood remain scant.