Cardiovascular Responses to a Hot Tub Bath
- 1 June 1999
- journal article
- Published by Mary Ann Liebert Inc in The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine
- Vol. 5 (3), 301-304
- https://doi.org/10.1089/acm.1999.5.301
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the cardiovascular effects of 15 minutes of hot tub immersion at 39 degrees C. Five college-age subjects (4 males and 1 female) volunteered to participate in this study. Assessments were made while sitting first in a chair for 5 minutes and then in the hot tub for 15 minutes. Oxygen consumption (VO2) and cardiac output (Q) measurements were made using a Medical Graphics CPX/D metabolic analyzer. Cardiac output was determined at minute 15 using the indirect CO2 rebreathing procedure. The data were analyzed using the analysis of variance with repeated measures, which indicated that at minute 15, heart rate (HR) and Q were increased, which increased VO2. The increase in Q was due to the heart rate (HR) response and the decrease in systemic vascular resistance (SVR). Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) were decreased while double product (DP) was increased. There were no changes in stroke volume (SV) or arteriovenous oxygen difference (a-vO2 diff). These findings indicate that the HR and Q responses are necessary to the increase in metabolism (VO2). Hot tube use within these time and temperature constraints should reduce concern over hot tub safety in college-age subjects.Keywords
This publication has 5 references indexed in Scilit:
- The Effect of Massage on Oxygen Consumption at RestThe American Journal of Chinese Medicine, 1995
- Cardiovascular Responses to Immersion in a Hot Tub in Comparison With Exercise in Male Subjects With Coronary Artery DiseaseMayo Clinic Proceedings, 1993
- Effects of viscosity on capillary wave instabilities of a planar liquid-metal surface in an electric fieldJournal of Applied Physics, 1990
- Hemodynamic correlates of myocardial oxygen consumption during upright exercise.Journal of Applied Physiology, 1972
- Determination of Mixed Venous CO2 Tensions by RebreathingJournal of Applied Physiology, 1956